Back ground & Aim: Preservation of tooth vitality is one of the most important tasks for clinicians dealing with exposed teeth. Several different materials have been used for pulp capping in recent years with calcium hydroxide being of the most Due to pathologic complication in the pulp following the are of Ca(OH)2, this investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of MTA on pulp reaction following pulp capping procedure. Method & Material: Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) was used for direct pulp cap ping of II human maxillary third molar teeth with intentional exposure as control group. The same number of teeth was capped using MTA using the same condition. Results: Results showed that the dentinal bridge was thicker in cases treated with MTA with a clearly milder inflammation in pulp of the teeth treated by MTA. Conclusion: MTA could be used as an acceptable material for pulp capping of exposed permanent teeth.

Statement of the Problem: Direct pulp capping (DPC) is an established method in which the exposed pulp is coated with a suitable material to prevent further damage and to help its repair and healing. Different proposed materials may have different impact on pulp response during this treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the response of human dental pulp after DPC with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement, and Biodentine. Materials and Method: In this clinical trial study, class V cavities were prepared on the buc-cal surfaces of 30 human premolar teeth, until the pulps were mechanically exposed. Then, teeth were randomly pulp capped with MTA, CEM cement and Biodentine, followed by resin modified glass ionomer filling. The fourth group was the control group (n= 10), in which the teeth were extracted without any prior intervention. Six weeks after the intervention, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological evaluation in terms of the type and degree of pulp inflammation, dentin bridge formation and the presence of necrosis. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: In all groups, necrosis was not observed and inflammation was chronic. The Bio-dentine group exhibited significantly more pulpal inflammation compared with the other groups (p= 0. 001). There were no significant differences among CEM cement, MTA and Biodentine in terms of the dentine bridge formation. The thickness of the dentin bridge formed in the Biodentine group was significantly higher than MTA and control group (p= 0. 035 and p= 0. 011, respectively). Conclusion: Although the dentin bridge formation and the thickness of dentin bridge formed in the Biodentine group were higher than the other groups, pulp showed greater inflammation compared to CEM cement and MTA. The results of this study suggested that MTA and CEM cement performed better when employed as the direct pulp capping material.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is the most common means of ingress of bacteria to the dental pulp and pulp infection. Different materials have been introduced for pulp therapy but they were not effective in producing an acceptable coronal seal. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti- inflammatory effect of local capsaicin on dental pulp of cat.METHODS: Twenty–four canine teeth of six domestic short hair cats weighing approximately 3-4 kg were selected for this experimental study. After cats had been anesthetized, the crown of teeth were cut 3 mm upper than cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and exposed under sterile condition. The teeth were divided into two groups. In group I the exposed pulp was capped with zinc oxide–eugenol as control. In group II dental pulp capped with capsaicin as experimental group. All access cavities were sealed with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after procedure. The canine teeth were extracted for histopathologic evaluation. The specimens were sectioned serially at 6 mm thickness parallel to tooth long axis. The sections were stained with H & E and studied by light microscopy.FINDINGS: Result of this study showed that signs of necrosis in zinc oxide-eugenol group during 1, 2 and 4 weeks decreased significantly (p=0.026). In capsaicin group hyperemia during 1, 2 and 4 weeks decreased significantly (p=0.019). In comparison of the effect of two drugs on pulp in 4 weeks and all weeks the sign of necrosis in capsaicin group was increased significantly (p=0.029, p=0.039). Two groups showed difference in dental barrier formation, type of inflammatory responses and soft tissue changes but these differences were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: According to findings of this study capsaicin could decrease the intensity of the inflammation but was not successful in dental barrier formation.

Pulpitis, or pulp inflammation, is a type of dental disease that is commonly associated with tooth pain symptoms. The immune reaction, characterized by TNF- α biomarkers and leukocyte cells, plays a part in the prevalence of pulpitis. (PMN). The latest innovation in dentistry is nanochitosane, which is derived from red snapper scales and includes calcium and chitin. The nanochitosane found in red snapper fish scales (Lutjanus Sp.) has been shown to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and pain levels. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were splitted into four groups. Healthy rodents comprised group 1. Rats were used in Group II as a reversible pulpitis model with no material change. Rats were used in Group III as a pulpitis model with calcium hydroxide addition. Group IV included rodents as model pulpitis with red snapper fish scale nanochitosane addition. The inclusion of chitosan therapy reduced leukocyte cells, TNF- levels, and pain significantly in group IV compared to group II without therapy and group III with calcium hydroxide treatment. The results of this study showed that redfish scale nanochitosane can decrease inflammation by lowering TNF- and pain levels.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of α-mangosteen on inflammation and apoptosis in dental pulp tissue using a Wistar rat model of dental pulp inflammation. The maxillary first molar dental pulp of Wistar rats was used. The pulp was opened using a diamond round bur and exposed to either 12.5 µg/ml α-mangosteen or pure hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) solution (as a control). After 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure, biopsies were performed to evaluate apoptosis and the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the dental pulp tissue through histopathological analysis. α-mangosteen significantly reduced apoptosis (p<0.05) and increased the number of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in dental pulp tissue at 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure (p<0.05). α-mangosteen appears to modulate the inflammatory response and apoptosis in dental pulp tissue. A fine-tuned balance between inflammation and apoptosis is critical, as early-phase inflammation recruits cells and initiates repair, while timely resolution through regulated apoptosis ensures the transition to regeneration. This suggests potential therapeutic applications for maintaining pulp vitality

Introduction: The purpose of this study was the evaluation and comparison of histological responses of dental pulp toward three different materials inserted directly over exposed pulp of canines cats. Materials & Methods: In this study, thirty-two teeth were used as experimental and 2 teeth as control group (intact pulp). Similar cavities were prepared and their centers mechanically exposed. Exposure sites were capped with Dycal, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP), and filled by composite acid etch.In periods of 7 and 70 days, animals were sacrified and 5 micron sections prepared. The samples were evaluated under light microscope, and the data analyzed by Kruskal Wallis (ANOVA) with %95 significance level.Results: In 7 day samples, there were no significance differences in inflammation among the material tested (P=0.12). No dentine bridge was observed in 7 day groups. In 70 day samples, there was no inflammation in %16.7 of MTA groups. No significance differences were found between three groups for inflammation (P=0.69). Dentin bridges were observed in %50 of MTA, %40 of Dycal and %20 of Scotchbond samples. These differences weren’t significance (P=0.85). Conclusion: These findings support the use of MTA and Scotchbond MP as direct pulp capping materials.

Introduction: Open-apex teeth with irreversible pulpitis require complex and difficult treatment. Providing the right environment for apexogenesis and pulp protection is vital for their long term prognosis. The young pulp of open apex tooth, however, is better equipped against irritation and assault. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulp inflammation in open apex canine teeth of cats. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo study, twelve cats with open apex canines were used. Pulps were iatrogenically exposed and the animals were sacrificed at one, seven, thirty and ninety days after pulp exposure. Samples were prepared for histological evaluations. Results: During the first and seventh day, changes were limited to acute inflammation in the coronal pulp. During the first month pulp changes in 45.5% of samples were similar to the seventh day. In the other samples necrosis and abscess spread to the end of the root, and internal resorption and periapical abscess were observed. In 45.5% of samples in the apical region vital tissue was barely observed (during 90 days); in 54.5% of samples however, complete pulp necrosis, internal resorption and a large periapical lesion was observed. Conclusion: In one and seven-day periods pulp tissue was vital; however, in the thirty and ninety-day periods, minority of the pulp samples were vital.